Substituent Positioning Effects on the Magnetic Properties of Sandwich-Type Erbium(III) Complexes with Bis(trimethylsilyl)-Substituted Cyclooctatetraenyl Ligands.

Lanthanide complexes with judiciously designed ligands have been extensively studied for their potential applications as single-molecule magnets. With the influence of ligands on their magnetic properties generally established, recent research has unearthed certain effects inherent to site differentiation due to the different types and varying numbers of substituents on the same ligand platform. Using two new sandwich-type Er(III) complexes with cyclooctatetraenyl (COT) ligands featuring two differently positioned trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituents, namely, [Li(DME)Er(COT1,5-TMS2)2]n (Er1) and [Na(DME)3][Er(COT1,3-TMS2)2] (Er2) [COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2 donate 1,3- and 1,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted cyclooctatetraenyl ligands, respectively; DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane], and with reference to previously reported [Li(DME)3][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (A) and [K(DME)2][Er(COT1,4-TMS2)2] (B), any possible substituent position effects have been explored for the first time. The rearrangement of the TMS substituents from the starting COT1,4-TMS2 to COT1,3-TMS2 and COT1,5-TMS2, by way of formal migration of the TMS group, was thermally induced in the case of Er1, while for the formation of Er2, the use of Na+ in the placement of its Li+ and K+ congeners is essential. Both Er1 and Er2 display single-molecule magnetic behaviors with energy barriers of 170(3) and 172(6) K, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis loops, butterfly-shaped for Er1 and wide open for Er2, were observed up to 12 K for Er1 and 13 K for Er2. Studies of magnetic dynamics reveal the different pathways for relaxation of magnetization below 10 K, mainly by the Raman process for Er1 and by quantum tunneling of magnetization for Er2, leading to the order of magnitude difference in magnetic relaxation times and sharply different magnetic hysteresis loops.

Two Pairs of Homochiral Parallelogram-like Dy4 Cluster Complexes with Strong Magneto-Optical Properties.

Two pairs of homochiral Dy(III) tetranuclear cluster complexes derived from (+)/(-)-3-trifluoroacetyl camphor (D-Htfc/L-Htfc), [Dy4(OH)2(L1)4(D-tfc)2(DMF)2]·4DMF (D-1) [H2L1 = (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenol)]/[Dy4(OH)2(L1)4(L-tfc)2(DMF)2]·4DMF (L-1) and [Dy4(OH)2(L2)4(D-tfc)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·3MeCN (D-2) [H2L2 = (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)naphthalen-2-ol]/[Dy4(OH)2(L2)4(L-tfc)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·3MeCN (L-2), were synthesized at room temperature, which have a Dy4 parallelogram-like core. The magnetic studies revealed that D-1 exhibits single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior under zero dc magnetic field, and its magnetic relaxation has a distinct Raman process in addition to the Orbach process, with the Ueff/k value of 57.5 K and the C value of 28.27 s-1K-2.14; while D-2 displays dual magnetic relaxation behavior at 0 Oe field, with the Ueff/k value 114.8 K for the slow relaxation process (SR) and the C value of 10.656 s-1K-5.80 for the fast relaxation process (FR), respectively. Theoretical calculations indicated that the conjugated groups (phenyl vs naphthyl) of the Schiff base bridging ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) significantly affect the intramolecular magnetic interactions between the Dy3+ ions and ultimately lead to different relaxations. Furthermore, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements showed that these two pairs of Dy4 enantiomers exhibit strong room temperature magneto-optical Faraday effects; notably, increasing the conjugated group on the Schiff base bridging ligand is beneficial to enhancing the magneto-optical Faraday effects.

Actinide-lanthanide single electron metal-metal bond formed in mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes.

Understanding metal-metal bonding involving f-block elements has been a challenging goal in chemistry. Here we report a series of mixed-valence di-metallofullerenes, ThDy@C2n (2n = 72, 76, 78, and 80) and ThY@C2n (2n = 72 and 78), which feature single electron actinide-lanthanide metal-metal bonds, characterized by structural, spectroscopic and computational methods. Crystallographic characterization unambiguously confirmed that Th and Y or Dy are encapsulated inside variably sized fullerene carbon cages. The ESR study of ThY@D3h(5)-C78 shows a doublet as expected for an unpaired electron interacting with Y, and a SQUID magnetometric study of ThDy@D3h(5)-C78 reveals a high-spin ground state for the whole molecule. Theoretical studies further confirm the presence of a single-electron bonding interaction between Y or Dy and Th, due to a significant overlap between hybrid spd orbitals of the two metals.

Slow magnetic relaxation in 8-coordinate Mn(II) compounds.

The design and synthesis of high-spin Mn(II)-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have not been well developed to a great extent, as compared with a large number of SMMs based on the other first row transition metal complexes. In light of our success in designing Fe(II), Co(II) and Fe(III)-based SMMs with a high coordination number of 8, it is of great interest to design Mn(II) analogues with such a strategy. In this contribution, four Mn(II) compounds, [MnII(Ln)2](ClO4)2 (1-4) were obtained from reactions of neutral tetradentate ligands, L1-L4, with hydrated MnII(ClO4)2 (L1 = 2,9-bis(carbomethoxy)-1,10-phenanthroline, L2 = 2,9-bis(carbomethoxy)-2,2'-dipyridine, L3 = N2,N9-dibutyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamide, L4 = 6,6'-bis(2-(tert-butyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine). Their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography and it clearly shows that the Mn(II) centers in these compounds have an oversaturated coordination number of 8. Their magnetic properties have been investigated in detail; to our surprise, all of these Mn(II) compounds show interesting slow magnetic relaxation behaviors under an applied direct current field, although they have very small negative D values.

Two-Electron Oxidations at a Single Cerium Center.

Two-electron oxidations are ubiquitous and play a key role in the synthesis and catalysis. For transition metals and actinides, two-electron oxidation often takes place at a single-metal site. However, redox reactions at rare-earth metals have been limited to one-electron processes due to the lack of accessible oxidation states. Despite recent advancements in nontraditional oxidation state chemistry, the low stability of low-valent compounds and large disparity among different oxidation states prevented the implementation of two-electron processes at a single rare-earth metal center. Here we report two-electron oxidations at a cerium(II) center to yield cerium(IV) terminal oxo and imido complexes. A series of cerium(II-IV) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand were synthesized and characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the cerium(II) complex is best described as a 4f2 ion stabilized by δ-backdonation to the anchoring arene, while the cerium(IV) oxo and imido complexes exhibit multiple bonding characters. The accomplishment of two-electron oxidations at a single cerium center brings a new facet to molecular rare-earth metal chemistry.

Tunable Chromic Properties of Viologen-Metal Polymers Modulated by Coordination Modes for Inkless Erasable Printing.

Inkless and erasable printing (IEP) based on chromic materials holds great promise to alleviate environmental and sustainable problems. Metal-organic polymers (MOPs) are bright platforms for constructing IEP materials. However, it is still challenging to design target MOPs with excellent specific functions rationally due to the intricate component-structure-property relationships. Herein, an effective strategy was proposed for the rational design IEP-MOP materials. The stimuli-responsive viologen moiety was introduced into the construction of MOPs to give it potential chromic behaviors and two different coordination models (i. e. bilateral coordination model, M1 ; unilateral coordinated model, M2 ) based on the same viologen ligand were designed. Aided by theoretical calculations, model M1 was recommended secondarily as a more suitable system for IEP materials. Along this line, two representative viologen-ZnII MOPs 1 and 2 with models M1 and M2 were synthesized successfully. Experiments exhibit that 1 does have quicker stimuli response, stronger color contrast and longer radical lifetime compared to 2. Significantly, the obtained 1-IEP media brightly inherits the excellent chromic characteristics of 1 and the flexibility of the paper at the same time, which achieves most daily printing requirements, as well as enough resolution and durability to be used in identification by smart device.

Accessing five oxidation states of uranium in a retained ligand framework.

Understanding and exploiting the redox properties of uranium is of great importance because uranium has a wide range of possible oxidation states and holds great potential for small molecule activation and catalysis. However, it remains challenging to stabilise both low and high-valent uranium ions in a preserved ligand environment. Herein we report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of uranium(II-VI) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand. In addition, one- or two-electron redox transformations could be achieved with these compounds. Moreover, combined experimental and theoretical studies unveiled that the ambiphilic uranium-arene interactions are the key to balance the stabilisation of low and high-valent uranium, with the anchoring arene acting as a δ acceptor or a π donor. Our results reinforce the design strategy to incorporate metal-arene interactions in stabilising multiple oxidation states, and open up new avenues to explore the redox chemistry of uranium.

Piezochromism and Conductivity Modulations under High Pressure by Manipulating the Viologen Radical Concentration.

Manipulating the radical concentration to modulate the properties in solid multifunctional materials is an attractive topic in various frontier fields. Viologens have the unique redox capability to generate radical states through reversible electron transfer (ET) under external stimuli. Herein, taking the viologens as the model, two kinds of crystalline compounds with different molecule-conjugated systems were designed and synthesized. By subjecting the specific model viologens to pressure, the cross-conjugated 2-X all exhibit much higher radical concentrations, along with more sensitive piezochromic behaviors, compared to the linear-conjugated 1-X. Unexpectedly, we find that the electrical resistance (R) of 1-NO3 decreased by three orders of magnitude with the increasing pressure, while that in high-radical-concentration 2-NO3 remained almost unchanged. To date, such unusual invariant conductivity has not been documented in molecular-based materials under high pressure, breaking the conventional wisdom that the generations of radicals are beneficial to improve conductivity. We highlight that adjusting the molecular conjugation modes can be used as an effective way to regulate the radical concentrations and thus modulate properties rationally.

Adaptability to Crystal Fields in a Series of COT/Monodentate Ligand-Based Dy and Er Single Ion Magnets.

Herein, DyIII and ErIII, the typical oblate and prolate Kramers Ln ions, were employed to synthesize a series of isostructural pairs: 2-5Ln (Ln = Dy and Er). In the [(COT)Ln(THF)4]+ cationic fragments of 2Ln, central ions were coordinated by the equatorial ligand cyclooctatetraenyl (COT) and THF solvents, while in the heteroleptic complexes 3Ln ((COT)Ln(OAr')), 4Ln ((COT)Ln(OAr″)), and 5Ln ((COT)Ln(N††)), the coordination geometries were formed by the cooperation of COT and bulky aryloxides OAr' (2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl), OAr″ (2,6-bis(1-adamantyl)-4-methylphenyl), and amide N†† (bis(triisopropylsilyl) amide) for 3Ln, 4Ln, and 5Ln, respectively. Among these complexes, with the combinations of varying coordination geometries and different anisotropies of f orbitals, 2Er, 3Dy, and 4Dy were found to be zero-field SIMs with effective energy barriers of 181.9, 527.7, and 622.0 K, respectively, which are consistent with the structural analyses and ab initio calculations. The blocking temperatures (TB) of 3Dy and 4Dy are 4 and 7 K, respectively, as confirmed by the hysteresis loops at varying temperatures. The structures of 5Ln exhibit an almost perfect umbrella-shaped geometry, characterized by N-Ln-Centroid (COT) angles measuring 178.9 and 179.3° for 5Dy and 5Er, respectively. Crystallographic data from these structures were utilized to investigate the impact of ligand alignment on the magnetic properties of the compounds.

Circularly polarized luminescence and magneto-optic effects from chiral Dy(III) single molecule magnets.

A new pair of multifunctional Zn(II)-Dy(III) enantiomers based on the chiral Schiff-base ligands [R,R-ZnLDy(H2O)(NO3)3] (1R2R-ZnDy) and [S,S-ZnLDy(H2O)(NO3)3] (1S2S-ZnDy) (H2L = phenol, 2,2'-[[(1R,2R/1S,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediyl]bis[(E)-nitrilomethylidyne]]bis[6-methoxy]) was synthesized and characterized. Magnetic studies indicate that 1R2R-ZnDy behaves as a single-molecule magnet. Enantiomers 1R2R-ZnDy and 1S2S-ZnDy show chiroptical activity and circularly polarized luminescence in the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. The chiral Zn(II)-Dy(III) complexes display magnetic circular dichroism signals at room temperature. Accordingly, these complexes will inspire intriguing research on single-molecule magnets with circular polarization of luminescence activity and magneto-optic effects, which will give new clues to design multifunctional molecular magnetic materials.

The first identification of three AdIRAK2 genes from an evolutionarily important amphibian Andrias davidianus and their involvement in NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK) is the most important downstream kinases of TLRs/IL-1R signaling pathway for signal transduction and activation of inflammatory response against pathogen infections. However, the molecular identification and function characterization of IRAK2 homologs in lower vertebrate remains obscure. In this study, three IRAK2 genes (AdIRAK2a, AdIRAKb and AdIRAK2c) and their respective transcripts were identified from the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus. This is the first evidence that three different IRAK2 genes exist in an ancient amphibian species, which has never been reported in other vertebrates. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of AdIRAK2a, AdIRAK2b and AdIRAK2c were 2112 bp, 1917 bp and 816 bp encoding deduced proteins of 703 amino acids (aa), 628 aa and 271 aa, respectively. All three AdIRAK2 proteins contained two predicted conserved functional domains, including a death domain (DD) and a serine/threonine protein kinases domain (KD). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the three AdIRAK2s clustered together with other known IRAK2 of vertebrates. The three AdIRAK2s were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues with a similar tissues distribution pattern. After challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV, belonging to the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), the expression levels of all AdIRAK2s in blood were significantly altered, however, they exhibited distinct response patterns. Moreover, the results of over-expression and RNAi of AdIRAK2s implied the involvement of AdIRAK2s in triggering NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways and inflammatory responses. This study might provide a better understanding of the presence and immune regulation function of IRAK2 in amphibians and even in vertebrates.

A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the denosumab biosimilar QL1206 in postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis and high fracture risk.

The current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a denosumab biosimilar, QL1206 (60 mg), compared to placebo in postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis and high fracture risk. At 31 study centers in China, a total of 455 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and high fracture risk were randomly assigned to receive QL1206 (60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months) or placebo. From baseline to the 12-month follow-up, the participants who received QL1206 showed significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) values (mean difference and 95% CI) in the lumbar spine: 4.780% (3.880%, 5.681%), total hip :3.930% (3.136%, 4.725%), femoral neck 2.733% (1.877%, 3.589%) and trochanter: 4.058% (2.791%, 5.325%) compared with the participants who received the placebo. In addition, QL1206 injection significantly decreased the serum levels of C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX): -77.352% (-87.080%, -66.844%), and N-terminal procollagen of type l collagen (P1NP): -50.867% (-57.184%, -45.217%) compared with the placebo over the period from baseline to 12 months. No new or unexpected adverse events were observed. We concluded that compared with placebo, QL1206 effectively increased the BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck and trochanter in postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis and rapidly decreased bone turnover markers. This study demonstrated that QL1206 has beneficial effects on postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis and high fracture risk.

Development and characteristics of automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device / 中国针灸

An automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device was developed, which could keep relatively constant temperature of heat-sensitive moxibustion, and realize the automatic ignition and automatic ash removal of moxa sticks during heat-sensitive moxibustion. The automatic ash-removal heat-sensitive moxibustion device comprises a bracket and a moxibustion box fixed on the top of the bracket; the bracket is composed of a base and a movable telescopic arm. This device can solve the problems of temperature instability, moxa ash blocking heat transfer and moxa ash falling during heat-sensitive moxibustion, avoiding the scalding caused by moxa ash falling, and reduce the workload of medical staff.

Effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and local field potential of sensory and motor cortices in mice with stress cardiomyopathy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cardiac function and local field potential (LFP) in sensory and motor cortices in mice with stress cardiomyopathy (SC), and to explore the possible mechanism of EA in improving SC.@*METHODS@#Twenty-seven female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into a blank group, a model group and an EA group, 9 mice in each group. In the model group and the EA group, SC model was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) for 14 days. At the same time of modeling, EA was applied at "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Shenmen" (HT 7) in the EA group, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz, 15 min each time, once a day for 14 days. After intervention, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test within 5 minutes were observed; the left ventricular function indexes (left ventricular diameter of end-diastole [LVIDd], left ventricular diameter of end-systole [LVIDs], left ventricular volume of end-diastole [LVEDV], left ventricular volume of end-systole [LVESV], ejection fraction [EF] and fraction shortening [FS]) were detected by echocardiography; the changes in ST-segment amplitude and PR interval of electrocardiogram were observed; the morphology of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining; the serum levels of cortisol (CORT), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were detected by ELISA; the changes of LFP in sensory and motor cortices were recorded by Plexon multi-channel acquisition system.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test were decreased (P<0.05); LVIDd, LVIDs, LVEDV and LVESV were increased (P<0.05), EF and FS were decreased (P<0.05); ST-segment amplitude was increased (P<0.05) and PR interval was prolonged (P<0.05); irregular myocardial fiber arrangement, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed; the serum levels of CORT, cTnT and BNP were increased (P<0.05); in the sensory cortex, the ratios of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta and beta frequency bands was increased (P<0.05), the power spectral density (PSD) of delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands was increased (P<0.05); in the motor cortex, the ratios of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum as well as PSD of delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands were increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, in the EA group, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test were increased (P<0.05); LVIDd, LVIDs, LVEDV and LVESV were decreased (P<0.05), EF and FS were increased (P<0.05); ST-segment amplitude was decreased (P<0.05), and the PR interval was shortened (P<0.05); myocardial fiber injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced; the serum levels of CORT, cTnT and BNP were decreased (P<0.05); in the sensory cortex, the ratios of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05), the ratio of gamma frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta frequency band as well as the PSD of theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05); in the motor cortex, the ratios of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05) and the ratio of gamma frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of delta frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta frequency band as well as the PSD of theta and gamma frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EA can improve cardiac function in mice with stress cardiomyopathy, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of local field potentials in sensory and motor cortices.

Efficacy of Aflibercept and Ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the efficacy of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled trial. A total of 35 patients(60 eyes)with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated with DME confirmed in our hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were included. Intravitreal injection was performed using the 3+PRN protocol in all cases, of which 17 cases(30 eyes)received aflibercept treatment(aflibercept group)and 18 cases(30 eyes)received ranibizumab(ranibizumab group). The two groups were followed up for 12mo, observing the central macular thickness(CMT)and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the two groups, and recording the number of intravitreal injections and the occurrence of complications.RESULTS: After treatment, CMT and BCVA in the aflibercept group were significantly better than that in the ranibizumab group at 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo(all P&#x003C;0.001). During the follow-up period, the number of intravitreal injections in the aflibercept group was lower than that in the ranibizumab group(4.23±0.86 vs. 6.40±0.97, P&#x003C;0.05), there were no serious complications such as drug-related adverse reactions, intraocular infection, and vascular embolism in either group.CONCLUSION: Both aflibercept and ranibizumab have clear efficacy and safety in the treatment of DME, and aflibercept may be a more effective and convenient treatment option than ranibizumab for DME patients.

Mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategy on stress overload and stress response of palliative care nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status and correlation between stress overload, different cognitive emotion regulation strategies and stress response in palliative care nurses, and to provide reference for reducing stress reaction of hospice nurses.Methods:A total of 448 palliative care nurses from Beijing City, Jiangsu Province, Hunan Province and Anhui Province were selected as subjects by convenience sampling method in February 2022. The general information questionnaire, Stress Overload Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Stress Response Questionnaire were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. After analyzing their scores, correlation analysis and mediating effect analysis were conducted.Results:The stress overload score of palliative care nurses was 66.00 (55.00, 67.00), and the stress response score was 80.00 (63.00, 84.00). The stress overload was positively correlated with the stress response ( r=0.735, P<0.05), and the positive emotion regulation strategy was negatively correlated with the stress response ( r=-0.440, P<0.05), negative emotion regulation strategy was positively correlated with stress response ( r=0.747, P<0.05). The cognitive emotion regulation strategy had a partial mediating effect between the stress overload and the stress response, accounting for 29.6% of the total effect. Conclusions:Cognitive emotion regulation is the mediating variable between stress overload and stress response of palliative care nurses. Managers should pay more attention to the stress level and mental health status of palliative care nurses, and guide them to choose appropriate emotional regulation strategies, so as to reduce stress response and maintain physical and mental health.

Short-term efficacy observation of venetoclax combined with azacitidine in treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To explore the clinical short-term efficacy of venetoclax (Ven) combined with azacitidine (AZA) in treatment of newly treated and relapsed/refractory patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The data of 18 newly treated and relapsed/refractory patients with AML who received Ven+AZA treatment in Suzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from April 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The complete remission or complete remission with incomplete recovery of blood cell count (CR/CRi) and objective remission rate (ORR) [calculated as CR/CRi+partial remission (PR)] were analyzed in newly treated and relapsed/refractory patients or patients with different gene mutations. The patients were followed up until June 30, 2022, and the overall survival (OS) of relapsed/refractory patients was analyzed. The occurrence of adverse reactions was summarized.Results:The median age of the 18 patients was 58 years old (23-81 years old), 8 were males and 10 were females; 6 were newly treated and 12 were relapsed/refractory; the median follow-up time was 3 months (1-15 months). In 6 newly treated patients, after the first cycle of Ven+AZA, 5 cases achieved CR/CRi, and the ORR was 83.3% (5/6). In 12 relapsed/refractory patients, after the first cycle of Ven+AZA, 5 cases achieved CR/CRi, 3 achieved PR, and the ORR was 66.7% (8/12). Among the 18 patients, 7 cases had FLT3-ITD/TKD mutation, after the first cycle of Ven+AZA, 1 case achieved CR/CRi, 1 case achieved PR, and the ORR was 28.6% (2/7); 3 cases had NPM1 mutation combined with FLT3-ITD/TKD mutation, 1 case achieved CR/CRi, and the ORR was 33.3% (1/3); 4 cases had IDH1/2 mutation, and 3 cases of them combined with FLT3-ITD/TKD mutation, all of which were non-remission, and the other 1 relapsed/refractory patient combined with K/NRAS mutation achieved CR/CRi; among the 4 cases with K/NRAS mutation, 2 cases combined with FLT3-ITD/TKD mutation, including 1 case of NR and 1 case of PR, and the other 2 cases achieved CR/CRi, the ORR was 75.0% (3/4). Of the 12 relapsed/refractory patients, 6 died by the end of follow-up, with a median OS time of 2.6 months (1- 8 months), including 4 cases of disease progression and 2 cases of disease relapse; the 6 surviving patients had stable disease. All the 18 patients had ≥grade 3 hematologic adverse reactions, and non-hematologic adverse reactions included lung infection, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.Conclusions:Ven+AZA treatment for newly treated and relapsed/refractory AML patients results in a high response rate with tolerable adverse reactions, but it is not effective in AML patients with FLT3-ITD/TKD mutation.

Comparison of 17β-estradiol against retinal light damage in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol(E2)on retina light damage in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and provide experimental data for the successful construction of a research model for E2 against retinal light damage.METHODS:Totally 40～45 adult female BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, 6 for each group: normal control, ovariectomized control, ovariectomized light(mice were stimulated with continuous white light at 10000 lx for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24h after 14d of ovariectomy), intravitreal administration sham operation, saline and E2 pre-treatment groups(2μL saline or 10-5mol/L E2 were intravitreal injected respectively after 14d of ovariectomy operation and 24h of dark adaptation). The morphological and functional changes of the retina were detected by paraffin section HE staining, TUNEL staining and electroretinogram.RESULTS:In the ovariectomized light group, the thickness of the inner/outer nuclear layer decreased significantly from the 4h stimulation of 10000 lx white light group. Intravitreal administration of E2 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of retinal cells in the two strains of mice(P&#x003C;0.01)and the decrease of amplitudes of a- and b-waves in max-ERG of C57BL/6 mice(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:The light loss sensitivity of two strains of mice was different under the same light stimulation. E2 had a protective effect on both morphology and function of the retina in BALB/c mice, and had a significant protective effect on retina function in C57BL/6 mice.

A comparative analysis of the clinical symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo between older and young and middle-aged patients / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To compare the differences in clinical symptoms and the time required for diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) between older patients and young and middle-aged patients in the structured inquiry of dizziness history. Methods: The medical records of 6 807 patients diagnosed with BPPV from the Vertigo Database of Vertigo Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research Center of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2019 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The data included basic demographic information, clinical symptoms in a structured medical history questionnaire, and the time interval from the appearance of BPPV symptoms to diagnosis consultation. The patients were divided into the young and middle-aged group (<65 years old) and the older group (≥65 years old). The differences in clinical symptoms and consultation time were compared between these two groups. Categorical variables were represented by numbers (%), and compared using Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact probability test for analysis; whereas, continuous variables conforming to normal distribution were represented by mean±standard deviation. Both data groups were compared and analyzed by Student's t-test. Results: The mean age of the older group was 65-92 (71±5) years, while the mean age of the middle-aged group was 18-64 (49±12) years. The incidence of vertigo (42.5% vs. 49.1%, χ2=23.69, P<0.001); vertigo triggered by changes in position of the head or body (52.4% vs. 58.7%, χ2=22.31, P<0.001); and autonomic symptoms (10.1% vs. 12.4%, χ2=7.09, P=0.008) were lower, but hearing loss (11.8% vs. 7.8%, χ2=27.36, P<0.001) and sleep disorders (18.5% vs. 15.2%, χ2=11.13, P=0.001) were higher in the older group than in the young and middle-aged group. The time from the appearance of dizziness to diagnosis was commonly longer in the older patient group than the other group (55.0% vs. 38.5%, χ2=55.95, P<0.001). Conclusions: Older patients with BPPV have more atypical symptoms and complex concomitant symptoms than young and middle-aged patients. For older patients with dizziness, positional testing is needed to confirm the possibility of BPPV even if the clinical symptoms are atypical.

Distribution characteristics of body mass index among Chinese oldest-old aged 80 years and above / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate body mass index (BMI) level, identify the main type of nutritional problem, and describe the population distribution characteristics of BMI among Chinese people aged 80 years or above. Methods: The data of 9 481 oldest-old individuals were obtained from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method, weighted estimates of BMI, and comparisons by BMI quintiles were used to describe the BMI level and distribution characteristics among the oldest-old. Results: The average age of the participants was (91.9±7.7) years, with P50 of the weighted BMI at 21.9 (95%CI: 21.8-22.0) kg/m2. The result of BMI level showed a decreasing trend with age, with a rapid decline before age 100, and then the trend became slower. There are about 30% of the oldest-old classified as undernutrition, but the prevalence of overnutrition is only about 10%. The population distribution characteristics by BMI quintiles showed the oldest-old with lower BMI levels were likely to have the following characteristics: sociodemographically, to be older, female, ethnic minority, unmarried/divorced/widowed, rural residents, illiterate, with inadequate living expenses, located in Central, South, or Southwest China; regarding lifestyles, lower BMI levels were observed for participants who were smoking, not exercising, lack of leisure activities, or with poor dietary diversity; considering functional status, participants with lower BMI levels were those who have poor chewing ability, disability in activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, hearing loss, visual impairment, or poor self-rated health status. The oldest-old with higher BMI levels were likely to have heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. Conclusions: The overall BMI level was low among the Chinese oldest-old and it showed a downward trend with age. Currently, the main nutritional problem among the Chinese oldest-old was undernutrition rather than overweight or obesity. Management of healthy lifestyles, functional status, and diseases would be helpful to reduce the risk of undernutrition among the oldest-old.